Understanding the Cross-Connection Control Program: A Plain-Language Guide for Water System Managers

For many water system managers, the Cross-Connection Control Program (CCCP) can feel like one more acronym in a long list of state requirements. But behind the name is one core goal: protecting drinking water from contamination caused by backflow.

This guide breaks the CCCP into understandable pieces so managers, operators, and city leaders can feel confident about meeting expectations without unnecessary stress.

Cross-Connection Control Program

What the CCCP Is Designed to Do

A Cross-Connection Control Program is required by the California Division of Drinking Water (DDW).Its purpose is simple: prevent unsafe water from entering the public drinking water supply.

A cross-connection happens any time potable water comes in contact directly or indirectly with non-potable substances, such as:

• Irrigation water

• Industrial chemicals

• Fire sprinkler systems

• Even garden hoses submerged in buckets or tanks

  
  

When pressure changes occur in a system (for example, during firefighting or water main breaks), contaminated water can flow backward into drinking water pipelines.That’s where CCCP comes in, establishing controls to prevent this backflow.

Key Components of a CCCP

Although every water system is structured differently, a compliant CCCP generally includes:

1. Written Policies and Procedures

The CCCP must clearly explain:

• How cross-connections will be identified

• Which staff are responsible for oversight

• When testing and enforcement occur

• Communication and record-keeping processes

  
  

A written program is the foundation DDW looks for during reviews or inspections.

2. Backflow Prevention Assemblies

These mechanical barriers stop contaminants from reversing into drinking water lines.

Common examples include

• Double check valves

• Reduced pressure principle Assemblies (RP Assemblies)

• Pressure vacuum breakers

  
  

Systems must track where each device is installed and ensure they are sized and selected appropriately for the type of hazard.

3. Testing and Maintenance

Backflow devices need annual testing by certified testers.Agencies must keep organized records that include:

• Test results

• Corrective actions

• Repairs or replacements

• Failed inspections

  
  

When cities fall behind on annual testing, compliance gaps quickly surface.

4. Site Surveys and Hazard Assessments

Not every risk is obvious.Programs should include routine surveys, especially for:

• Commercial businesses

• Schools and hospitals

• Industrial facilities

• Large irrigation accounts

  
  

These surveys help determine where devices are necessary and whether unknown hazards exist.

5. Public and Customer Engagement

Many cross-connections occur on the customer side of the meter.A strong CCCP includes education such as

• Notice letters to property owners

• Clear rules for new developments

• Requirements in building permits

  
  

Good communication prevents conflict and keeps compliance collaborative rather than punitive.

Where Water Systems Struggle Most

Even well-run agencies run into challenges.The most common issues include:

• Missing or inconsistent device inventories

• Incomplete testing records

• No tracking system for repairs or replacements

• Gaps in staff training or role clarity

• Lack of enforcement policies

• Limited coordination with contractors or building departments

  
  

All these problems lead to the same outcome: being unprepared when DDW asks to see documentation.

Steps to Strengthen a CCCP (Without Adding Stress)

Whether your system has a long-established program or is just beginning to organize documentation, these steps help move toward audit-readiness:

1. Start With an Accurate Device Inventory

Knowing what you have and where it is is essential.This may require database cleanup or field verification, but it becomes the backbone of the program.

2. Standardize Processes

Write down how testing is scheduled, tracked, and reported.Consistency is what DDW wants to see.

3. Create a Clear Customer Communication Plan

Templates for installation notices, violation letters, and annual reminders save tremendous time later.

4. Schedule Training

Everyone involved, from field operators to customer service, should understand their role and vocabulary.

5. Choose Tools That Support Automation

A good tracking system (even basic software) reduces manual effort and improves accuracy.

How CCCP Fits Into the Bigger Compliance Picture

A CCCP is not a standalone exercise.It connects directly to:

• Sanitary surveys

• Annual reporting

• Water system permits

• Public health risk reduction

  
  

DDW reviewers increasingly expect agencies to demonstrate more than “a program on paper.”They look for active management, documented hazards, and proof of follow-through.

By treating CCCP as an ongoing operational program, not a once-a-year task, agencies stay compliant, avoid last-minute scrambles, and reduce risk to customers.

The Bottom Line

A cross-connection control program may sound technical, but its purpose is straightforward:Protect public health by keeping drinking water safe from contamination.

With organized processes, clear communication, and consistent documentation, water system managers can stay audit-ready year-round, confidently meeting DDW expectations without guesswork or stress.

And that’s ultimately the goal:A reliable, safe water supply supported by a compliant and well-maintained control program.